语录网随笔 英语中作后置定语的几种形式,非干货:中高考英语的后置定语10种形式

英语中作后置定语的几种形式,非干货:中高考英语的后置定语10种形式

中高考英语——后置定语是怎么回事?有多少说法?

大概念:定语是什么?汉语想明白了就够了——别那么学术。

主语或宾语(名词或代词等)的前面的修饰、限定成分,可称为定语(叫做前置定语)

单个的形容词或名词作定语时,大多前置在它所修饰的名词或代词之前,如:

the good book the broken bike

the lost book; the borrowed book;

a library book an apple tree;

an animal doctor; two women teachers

在主语或宾语(名词或代词等)的后面也可以出现定语,称为后置定语。

后置定语,即【两个/两个单词以上组成的】词组/短语/句子作——名词或代词等的定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。

下面的

第1——第6需要初中解决;

第7——第10高考考频较高,要精通。

第1:修饰something, anything, nobody, everyone的形容词,须后置于该词之后;

第2:left表“剩下/余下”时,只作后置定语;

第3:else作后置修饰语,放在疑问代词/副词/复合代词之后;

第4:enough名词前后通常均可,但务必后置于形容词/副词/动词之后(此时非后置定语);

第5:地点副词(或短语)可以后置于名词或代词之后,修饰该词语;

第6:基数词可作后置定语;

第7:介词短语可以充当后置定语修饰名词或代词(还可用作状语、补语、表语等);

第8:分词短语(过去分词、现在分词短语)均可用作后置定语;

第9:不定式短语,作名词/代词的后置修饰语

第10:定语从句,通常位于主句之后(特例如As is well-known, …)。

1:修饰something, anything, nobody, everyone的形容词,须后置于该词之后

something nice;

something to eat;

something else important to tell you

英语中凡是修饰something/anything/everything/nothing;

nobody/anybody/anyone/somebody/ someone/ everybody/everyone等

复合不定代词的词、词组、短语等都必须放在这些词的后面。

(下面例句均采自《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》与《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版)

2left剩下/余下时,只作后置定语

We don’t have much time left.

(left表“剩下/余下”时,只作后置定语)

这个条目可以等义于…much remaining time。

3else作后置修饰语,可后置于——疑问代词/副词/复合代词等之后

You mustn’t tell anyone else—it’s a secret between you and me.

你一定不能告诉别人,这是你我之间的秘密。

Before we do anything else, we must sit down and make a list.

在我们做其他任何事情之前,我们必须先坐下来列出一份清单。

There isn’t much else to tell you. 别的没有多少东西要告诉你。

This could only happen in the United States—nowhere else in the world!

这仅仅可能发生在美国,不会发生在世界上的其他任何地方!

(else只能作后置修饰语,放在疑问代词/副词/复合代词之后)

4enough名词前后通常均可,但务必后置于形容词/副词/动词之后(此时非后置定语)

(enough前置修饰名词更好些,有特例)

There isn’t enough time. 时间不够。

He doesn’t have enough experience as a classroom teacher.

他没有当课堂老师的足够经验。

(有时候enough用于某些特定名词的后面,但这种用法并不常见)

Don’t ask questions—there’ll betime enough for that later.

He had reason enough to be angry (= he had a good reason to be angry).

他有充分的理由生气。

I was fool enough to trust her (= it wasfoolish of me to trust her).

我居然傻到会信任她。

(enough必须放在动词、形容词或副词的后面)

The rope isn’t long enough. 这跟绳子不够长。

She didn’t move quickly enough. 她的行动不够快。

You haven’t practised enough.

5:地点副词(或短语)可以后置于名词或代词之后,修饰该词语

时间副词(短语可以后置于名词/代词之后,修饰该词语)

The man downstairs is an old man (老教科书一个例句)

(地点副词downstairs作名词man的后置定语)

Someone was having a party in the flat below. 有人在下面的公寓里聚会

(地点副词below作名词flat的后置定语)

Children everywhere love to have stories read to them.

无论什么地方的孩子都喜欢人家给他们讲故事。

(地点副词everywhere作名词children的后置定语)

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》(英 辛克莱(Sinclair, J.))主编第888页have词条20

the meeting yesterday,their stay overnight, the meal afterwards

6:基数词可作后置定语

Lesson Forty ;Room 405

(基数词作后置定语,译成“第”, 即第40课/405号房间。)

(基数词也可作前置定语,如two books)

The fortieth lesson

(序数词作前置定语,前面可以加定冠词或形容词所有格如my;但不同时使用。)

7:介词短语可以充当后置定语修饰名词或代词(还可用作状语、补语、表语等)

A man in a clown’s hatcame and sat beside her.

一个戴着小丑帽子的男人过来坐在她旁边。

(介词短语in a clown’s hat作名词man的后置定语)

The question before us is whether we should allow a …

(摆在我们面前的问题是,我们是否应该…)

(介词短语before us作名词question的后置定语)

8:分词短语(过去分词、现在分词短语)均可用作后置定语

a bowl made of metal金属木碗

可以理解为定语从句的缩略:a bowl which is made of metal

(过去分词短语made of metal作名词bowl的后置定语)

There are two people waiting outside.

可以理解为定语从句的省略:…people who/that are wanting outside.

(现代分词短语wanting outside作名词people的后置定语)

9:不定式短语,作名词/代词的后置修饰语

They were the last/first guests to arrive.

This is the best book to read.

I’ve got some letters to write tonight.

He has the ability to make good boats(也可of making good boats).

尤其要注意下列句子中的介词:

It’s all over. There is nothing to be afraid of now.

一切都结束了。现在没有什么可怕的了。《牛八》第35页afraid词条

Don’t worry about the travel arrangements. They’re all being taken care of.

别担心旅行安排,一切都会有人照管的。《牛八》第294页care词条

You could tell that the horse had been well looked after.

看得出这匹马被照料得很好。《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第1489页look词条

《牛津英语用法指南》第三版第643页place: a place to live词条:

在非正式文体中,place后面通常可以直接跟动词不定式或关系从句,不需要介词或关系词。

I’m looking for a place to live. 我正在寻找住处。

(较正式的用法:…a place to live in.或…a place in which to live.)

There’s no place to sit down. 没有坐下来的地方。

You remember the place we had lunch?

(= …the place (that) we had lunch at? 或…the place where we had lunch?)

你记得我们吃午饭的地方吗?

动词不定式前不能用a place where。

实际中在讲解了以上的各种定语之后,接下来进行定语从句这个大语法的讲解,

不仅更为易于切入,而且更重要的是——它的受众,我们的学生们更易于理解、接受。

10:定语从句,通常位于主句之后(特例如as引起的定语从句可句首As is well-known, …

(句子作后置定语,叫定语从句)

The people who called yesterday want to buy the house.

昨天打电话来的人想买这座房子。

(定语从句为:who called yesterday,修饰people)

Houses which overlook the lake cost more. (俯瞰湖泊的贩子要价高些。)

(定语从句为:which overlook the lake,修饰Houses)

Where’s the letter that came yesterday? (昨天来的信在哪儿?)

(定语从句为:that came yesterday,修饰letter)

As you know, we’ve already accepted an offer from another company.

如你所知,我们已经接受了另一家公司的报价。

(定语从句为you know, 引导词为As,主句为we’ve …company)

It’s one of the few countries where people drive on the left.

(这是为数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一。)

(定语从句为:(where) people drive on the left,修饰countries)

Sunday is the only day when I can relax. (星期日是我唯一可以休息的日子。)

(定语从句为:(when) I can relax,修饰day)

I’d like to knowthe reason why you’re so late. (我想知道你为什么迟到那么长时间。)

(定语从句为:(why) (= for which) you’re so late,修饰reason)

这是自己总结的内容——必有疏漏,请指教!

【这里没有列举处一个单词作后置定语的条目】

看懂了这些,对于定语、对于定语从句心中就有点数了,做题、讲解能更利索点。

若能起到这些作用,足矣。

2016年10月20日(谢谢关注、共同进步)

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