语录网短语说说 初中英语短语归纳解析(十五)

初中英语短语归纳解析(十五)

1. collect/ gather

Ⅰ.gather的意思是“收集、聚集”,它是表示收集或聚集的一般用语,不仅可以用于人和物,还可以用于抽象的东西。如:

① He gathered his books and notebooks. 他把书和笔记本收集在一起。

② She gathered the children round her. 她把孩子们聚集在她的周围。

③ A crowd soon gathered round him. 一群人很快就聚集在他的周围。

④ He is gathering information. 他在搜集情报。

Ⅱ.collect的意思是“收集、搜集、聚集”,通常指有计划和选择进行收集。当它表示一般的收集或聚集时,可与gather通用。如:

① He is collecting material for a book. 他正在聚集写书的资料。

② I have collected some famous pictures. 我收集了一些名画。

③ A crowd soon collected when there was a car accident. 发生了车祸的时候,立即就有一群人聚拢起来。

2. college/ institute/ university

Ⅰ.college的意思是“学院”,一般指大学内部的学院或独立的学院,如:

① There are many colleges at Oxford and Cambridge. 牛津大学和剑桥大学有很多学院。

② There are several teachers’ colleges in Jiangsu Province. 江苏省有几所师范学院。

Ⅱ.institute也可以表示学院的意思,但它通常指专科性(专门的)学院,如外语学院(institute of foreign languages)、体育学院(physical culture institute)、航空学院(aeronautical engineering institute)等,如:

① He graduated from an institute of foreign trade. 他是外贸学院毕业的。

② She is a student of a chemical engineering institute.她是化工学院的学生。

Ⅲ.university的意思是“大学”,通常指由多个学院组织而成的综合性大学。如:

He graduated from Yale in 1915.他1915年从耶鲁大学毕业。

3. competition/ game/ match

Ⅰ. competition “比赛、竞争”,指体能、技术、能力的竞争。

He won a drawing competition. 他在图画比赛中获胜。

Ⅱ. game “比赛”指有一定规则,且决定胜负的脑力和体力劳动的“竞技”。如:

There is going to be a football game tomorrow afternoon.

Ⅲ. match 多指网球、足球、高尔夫球等运动项目的“比赛”

The golf match will he held tomorrow morning.

4. complete/ finish

Ⅰ.complete用作动词表示完成的意思时,是指把已开始但尚未完成的事情完成。如:

① He has completed his task. 他已完成他的工作。

② The railway is not completed yet. 铁路尚未完工。

Ⅱ.finish的意思是“完成、结束”,着重指圆满结束已着手的事情,尤指完成精心之作的最后一步。如:

① Have you finished your work yet? 你的工作做完了没有?

② I finished reading the book last night. 我昨晚看完了这本书。

③ The picture is finished. 这幅画画好了。

5. conceal/ hide

Ⅰ. conceal “隐藏、隐瞒”常与hide通用;但比hide正式些,多指有意将某事物隐藏起来或不予以泄漏。它只用作及物动词。如:

① The box was concealed under the bed.箱子是藏在床底下的。

② He concealed his moteves. 他隐瞒了他的动机。

Ⅱ. hide “隐藏、掩盖、躲藏”为普通用语。指有意或无意地将某物(或人)藏(躲)在人们不易看到或发现的地方。可作及物动词和不及物动词。如:

① Where did you hide it? 你把它藏到哪里了?

② He cannot hide the truth. 他不能掩盖真相。

③ The moon was hideen by the clouds. 月亮被云彩遮住了。

6. cost/ spend/ pay/ take

Ⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”;“需要花费……钱/ 精力”等,它的主语一般为表示东西的名词,不能为表示人的名词,作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语,无被动语态。如:

① I’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。

② The chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅子花了我30元。

③ The building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。(使花(某种代价);使损失)

④ Bad driving may cost you your life.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。

⑤ 作名词时意为“花费;成本”→The cost of the house was too high for me.这房子的价钱太高,我买不起。

[常用搭配]:

① at all costs 不惜一切代价,—→The officer told the soldiers that they must defend the townat all costs. 军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。

② at the cost of 以……为代价。

→1). He finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项工作,但失去了健康。

→2). She saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从火中把他救出,但她自己却牺牲了。

③ cost of living 生活费用。

—→As the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活费用越上涨,我的生活水准越降低。

Ⅱ.spend 的主语经常是 , 用来表示人花钱买东西或花时间做某事,

如:

① I spend 5 yuan on the book.我买这书花五元钱。

② The boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog.那个男孩花了10分钟画一只狗。

Ⅲ.pay “支付,花费”,主语只能是人 且只用于花费金钱,其结构是: pay + sb + some money + for sth. “为……付给某人多少钱” 其中的人、钱、事,可以根据具体情况取舍。如:

① I paid (him)5 yuan. 我付(给他)5元钱。

② I paid him 5 yuan for the book. 我买那本书付给了他五元钱。

③ I paid him for the book. 我买那本书付给了他钱。

④ I paid for the book. 我付了那本书的钱。

Ⅳ.take 也可表“花费时间和金钱”,(一般只指花费时间)

其常用结构为:It +take(各种时态)+time/money+to do sth.

It took me three hours to finish the work.

7. country/ state/ nation

Ⅰ. country “国家”着重指疆土而言。“乡下、农村”相当于countryside, 但它指风景而言。如:

① This country is in the south of Europe. 这个国家在欧洲南部。

② Germany and France are European countries. 德国和法国是欧洲国家。

③ The countryside around Nanjing is beautiful at this time of the year.

Ⅱ. state “国家”着重指政权而言。如:

① I’d like to borrow a copy of “The State and Revolution”.我想借一本《国家与革命》。

② The state is an organ of violence at service of class rule. 国家是阶级统治的暴力机器。

Ⅲ. nation “国家”着重指人民而言。如:

Two friendly nations support each other. 两个友好国家互相支持。

8. crazy/ mad

Ⅰ. crazy “发狂的、糊涂的、狂热的”常指由于忧虑、悲伤、欣喜、渴望、激动等某种强烈的情绪而引起的一种心神错乱、失去控制的精神状态。如:

① He was crazy with joy. 他欣喜若狂。

② You are crazy to do such a thing. 你干这样的事真糊涂。

③ The boy is crazy on (or about) skating. 那孩子对溜冰着了迷。

Ⅱ. mad “发狂的、发疯的”通常指精神狂乱完全不能自我控制的一种病态。在口语中它也表示由于某种强烈的情绪而失常。如:

① The poor fellow is mad. 这个可怜的人是疯子。

② The dog has gone mad. 这条狗疯了。

③ This worry is enough to drive me mad. 这烦恼足以使我发狂。

④ He is mad about the stage. 他迷恋于舞台生活。

9. crop/ harvest

Ⅰ. crop “收成”指谷物、水果、蔬菜等一年或一季的收成 它表示“农作物、庄稼”的意思。如:

① The rice crop was very good this year. 今年稻子的收成很好。

② The rice bears two crops every year. 稻子一年收两次。

③ It is harmful to growing crops. 这对于正在生长的农作物有害。

Ⅱ. harvest “收成、收获”多指谷物的收成,也指水果、蔬菜等的收成;有时指收割行为。也可用于借喻,指行动或行为的结果。如:

① Rich harvests have been gathered in for several years running. 连续几年获得了丰收。(可用crops代替)

② The summer harvest is about to start. 夏收即将开始。

③ He reaped the harvest of his hard work. 他获得了辛勤劳动的成果。

10. crossing/ turning

Ⅰ. crossing “交叉点、十字路口”

Ⅱ. turning “路的拐弯处”如:

Take the second crossing / turning on the left. 在第二个十字路口/ 拐弯处向左拐。

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