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步骤/方法
学期过半，本次小简老师为同学们整理了人教版英语必修4的内容。在这本书里，同学们将主要学习的语法内容有主谓一致、现在分词做宾语、宾语、定语等用法以及构词法（常见前后缀）等。
语法知识，我们会在后期单独以专题的形式讲解，本次主要为大家整理了Unit1-Unit3的重点单词、短语以及翻译，一起来看看吧~
Unit 1 Women of achievement
原文+翻译
A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
非洲野生动物研究者
It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起， Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。 Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。 Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. 在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。 Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. 简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。 We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. 我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. 我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。
Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。 Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. 从孩童时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。However, this was not easy. 但是，这不是一件简单的事。When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. 当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。Her work changed the way people think about chimps. 她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。 For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. 比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. 在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。 She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. 而她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。 She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。
For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 40年来，简∙古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。 She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. 她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。She is leading a busy life but she says: 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的："Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. “我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。 It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. 每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" 我会对自己说：‘难道它们不幸运吗？’ And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. 然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。Once you have seen that you can never forget ..."一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……”
She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。
重点单词
1. achieve vt.完成；达到
2. achievement n.成就；功绩
3. condition n.条件；状况
4. welfare n.福利；福利事业
5. connection n.连接；关系；亲戚
6. campaign n.运动；战役；活动vi.作战；参加运动
7. organization n.组织；机构；团体
8. specialist n.专家
9. devote vt.投入于；献身
10. behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现
11. behavior n.行为；举止；习性
12. worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得出力的
13. observe vt.观察；观测；遵守
14. observation n.观察；观测
15. respect vt.&n.尊重；尊敬；敬意
16. argue vi.争论；辩论；vt.争论；说服
17. entertainment n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
18. inspire vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示
19. support vt.&n.支持；拥护
20. communication n.通讯；通信；交流
21. strike vt.&vi.打击；打劫n.罢工；袭击
22. explain vt.解释；说明
23. medical adj.医学的
24. consideration n.考虑；体谅
25. deliver vt.递送；生（小孩儿）；发表（演说等）
26. modest adj.谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
27. considerate adj.考虑周到的
重点短语
1. devote to 把……献给；把……用在……
2. rather than 与其；而非
3. mean doing 意味着干某事
4. mean to do 打算.想要去做某事
5. argue for 为……辩护
6. argue with 与……争论
7. argue against 争辩……
8. set up 建立；创立；竖起
9. look down upon/on 藐视；瞧不起
10. refer to 提到；说起
11. care for 照顾；照看；喜爱
12. be intended for 为……准备
13. wander off 走失；走散；偏离（正道）
14. as well as 除……之外，也还
15. deliver a baby 接生
16. be delivered to sp. 被送到某地
Unit2 Working the land
原文+翻译
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
造福全人类的先驱者
Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. 尽管是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民，因为他在田里耕作，进行科学研究。Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的确，他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻的”的稻种。 In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.如今中国每年出产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。
Born in a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 袁博士1930年出生，1953年毕业于西南农学院。Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目标。As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 年轻时，他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需求。 At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. 当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。 In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. 1950年，中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻谷， In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. 而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻谷。These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. 这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅仅7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。 Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. 袁博士现在在印度.越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。 Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的办法。Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. 袁博士很满意他的生活。However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. 但是，他对成名并不在意，并且觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。 He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 他喜欢听小提琴乐曲.打麻将.游泳和读书。Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. 在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁博士来说意义不大。Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. 事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. 梦想是不花本钱的。 Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. 很久以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。 Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种能养活更多人的水稻。Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. 在很多年后的今天，袁博士还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.一个梦想总是不够的，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。
重点单词
1. hunger n.饥饿；欲望
2. sunburn vt日晒；日灼；晒黑
3. sunburnt adj起晒斑的；晒黑的
4. struggle vt.vi斗争；拼搏；努力
5. super adj超级的；极好的；超好的
6. product n.产量输出
7. expand vt .vi使变大；伸展；阐述
8. circulate vt.vi.循环；流传
9. satisfied adj感到满意的
10. equip vt.vi.装备；配备
11. freedom n自由；民主
12. export vt.vi.输出；出口
13. Suitable adj合适的；适当的
14. chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的
15. confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难
16. mineral n.矿物;矿石
17. reduce vt减少；缩减；简化
18. supply n.补给；供给；供应品
19. bacteria n.细菌
20. whatever pron.凡是……；无论什么；adj.无论怎么的；无论哪一种的
21. summary n.总结；摘要；概要
22. nutrition n.营养；滋养；食物
23. certain adj.确定的；必然的；
重点短语
1. Lead a life 过…..的生活
2. Wish for 希望得到；渴望
3. With the hope of 怀有…..的希望
4. Free from 没有…的；不受…..拘束的
5. Insist on 坚持做某事
6. Search for 寻找
7. Be satisfied with 对….满意
8. Get exhausted 耗尽
Unit 3 A taste of English humour
原文+翻译
A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR
无声的幽默的大师
As Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face",维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如同阳光，驱散人们脸上的阴霾”and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 关于这一点，直到今天也没有人比查理·卓别林做的更好。 He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. 在两次世界大战及中间艰苦的岁月里，他给英国和美国人民带来了快乐。He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使人们开怀大笑，于是他们对自己的生活感到更加满足。
Not that Charlie's own life was easy! 然而卓别林自己的生活也并不容易。He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. 他生于1889年，出身贫寒。他的父母都是杂耍戏院里贫穷的演员。You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。 Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. 这样的训练在当时的演员家庭中是很普遍的，尤其是在家庭收入经常不稳定的时候。 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. 不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭更加艰难，所以查理在童年时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。 By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. 在十多岁的时候，凭借着自己的幽默，查理已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。 He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. 他能够不说话而仅靠动作来模仿傻子做日常的任务。No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining. 看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。
As time went by, he began making films. .随着时间的推移，他开始拍电影。He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. 他塑造的可爱的“小流浪汉”角色开始闻名于世，而查理越来越受欢迎。The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. 这个穷苦的无家可归的小流浪汉，留着小胡子，穿着大裤子.破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。他手里拿着一根手杖迈着僵硬的步伐四处走动。 This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. 这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者，但他乐观的精神和战胜困难的决心使他受到人们的喜爱。 He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him. 面对并不善待他的人，这个弱者依然保持友善的态度。
How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? 然而这个小流浪汉是如何把悲凉的遭遇变得滑稽可笑的呢？ Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. 这里有一个例子，来自于他最著名的电影之一《淘金记》。 It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. 19世纪中叶，在加利福尼亚州发现了金子。 Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. 像其他很多人一样，小流浪汉和他的朋友也涌向那里去淘金，但却没有成功。Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. 相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。 They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. 他们饿极了，只好煮了一双皮鞋来充饥。 Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. 查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. 然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来，就像切下一块最好的牛排。 Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. 最后他试着把鞋底割下来嚼着吃。He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. 他每一口都嚼得津津有味。 The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted! 查理的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐！
Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. 查理·卓别林自编.自导.自制他主演的电影。In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. 1972年他被授予奥斯卡特别奖，以表彰他在电影界的杰出工作。He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.他生活在英国和美国，却在瑞士度过了生命中最后的日子，并于1977年安葬在那里。He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence人们热爱和怀念这位伟大的演员，因为他鼓舞人们并增强他们的信心。
重点单词
1. slide vi&vt. (使)滑动;(使)滑行n.滑;滑动;幻灯片
2. skin n.皮;皮肤’外壳
3. cruel adj.残酷的;令人痛苦的
4. content adj.满足的;满意的&n.满足&vt.使满足
5. astonish vt.使惊讶
6. particular adj. 特殊的;特别的 n. 细节;细目
7. entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐;款待
8. entertaining adj.愉快的’有趣的
9. throughout prep.遍及;贯穿&adj.到处;始终;全部
10. worn-out adj.不能再用(或穿)的;磨破的
11. homeless adj.无家的;无家可归的
12. failure n.失败(者);破产;不及格
13. overcome vt.&vi.战胜;克服;征服
14. difficulty n.困难;难点
15. boil vi.&vt.煮沸
16. fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的
17. snowstorm n.暴风雪
18. bottom n.&adj.底;底部;尽头;末端;&底部的
19. chew vt.&vi.咀嚼(食物等)
20. mouthful n.一口;满口
21. direct vt.&vi.导演;指示;指挥adj,&adv.径直的;直接的;直率的;直接地
22. star vt.&vi.标上星号
23. outstanding adj.突出的;杰出的;显著的
24. fortune n.富有;财富;运气;幸运
25. swing vt.&vi.摆动;摇摆;旋转n.秋千;摇摆;摆动
26. mountainous adj.多山的;山一般的
27. whisper n.&vt.&vi.耳语;私语;密谈
28. vast adj.巨大的;辽阔的
29. sense n.感觉;理性
重点短语
1 pick out 挑出;辨别出
2. star in 主演;担任主角
3. be caught in 被绊住
4. be set in 以…为背景
5. play jokes on sb 开某人的玩笑
6. make fun of 嘲笑;取笑
7. bump into 碰撞;与…相撞
8. be content with 对…满足
9 .badly off 穷的;缺少的
10. cut off 切断;断绝
11. in search of 寻找
12. worse off 境况更差
13. be remembered as.. 作为….而被铭记
14. at times 有时
15. on the edge of 在….的边缘